Chakkiliyan (Christian traditions) in India


Population
Main Language
Largest Religion
Christian *
Evangelical
Progress
Progress Gauge
* Data can be from various sources including official census, agencies, and local research. Data from these sources can sometimes differ even by orders of magnitude. Joshua Project attempts to present a conservative, balanced estimate.

Introduction / History

Chakkiliyans traditionally speak Tamil, one of the major Dravidian languages of South India. Historically, they are part of the Dalit community, often associated with occupations considered "unclean" by caste standards, such as leatherwork and sanitation. Many Chakkiliyans converted to Christianity during the colonial period, particularly under the influence of Catholic and Protestant missions. Conversion offered a sense of dignity and community outside the rigid caste hierarchy.


What Are Their Lives Like?

Christian Chakkiliyans often live in rural villages or urban slums, facing economic hardship and social marginalization. Their traditional occupations have been stigmatized, and many now work as day laborers, sweepers, or in low-paying service jobs. Education levels are generally low, though improving slowly due to government and NGO efforts. Despite conversion, caste-based discrimination persists even within Christian communities.


What Are Their Beliefs?

Most Christian Chakkiliyans are nominal Christians, affiliated with either Catholic or Protestant denominations. Their faith practices often blend Christian teachings with local cultural traditions, including festivals and rituals. Church attendance varies, and spiritual growth is often hindered by poverty, illiteracy, and lack of discipleship resources. Some communities have vibrant local churches, while others lack trained pastors and biblical teaching.


What Are Their Needs?

Christian Chakkiliyans need economic upliftment through vocational training and microfinance. They often lack access to good schools and adequate medical care.


Prayer Items

Pray for spiritual revival among Christian Chakkiliyans and deepening of their faith in Christ.Pray for them to take up the call to the Great Commission and share Christ with Hindus.Ask God to raise up local leaders and pastors who can disciple their communities.Pray for economic opportunities and freedom from generational poverty.


Scripture Prayers for the Chakkiliyan (Christian traditions) in India.


References

AI generated by CopilotData extracted from field reports and ethnographic studies.Local NGO and mission organization reports on Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.Government census and social welfare publications.


Profile Source:   Joshua Project  

People Name General Chakkiliyan (Christian traditions)
People Name in Country Chakkiliyan (Christian traditions)
Alternate Names Arava Chakkali; Arundhatiyar; Cakkala; Cakkali; Cakkoli; Chucklers; Kristava Arundhatiyar; Madari; Pagadai; Toti
Population this Country 120,000
Population all Countries 125,000
Total Countries 2
Indigenous Yes
Progress Scale Progress Gauge
Unreached No
Frontier People Group No
Pioneer Workers Needed
PeopleID3 21603
ROP3 Code 118372
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States on file 9
Largest States
Tamil Nadu
119,000
Kerala
400
Puducherry
100
Delhi
80
Andhra Pradesh
80
Maharashtra
50
Andaman and Nicobar
30
Telangana
10
West Bengal
10
Districts Interactive map, listing and data download
Specialized Website South Asia Peoples
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States 9
  Tamil Nadu 119,000
  Kerala 400
  Puducherry 100
  Delhi 80
  Andhra Pradesh 80
  Maharashtra 50
  Andaman and Nicobar 30
  Telangana 10
  West Bengal 10
Website South Asia Peoples
Primary Religion: Christianity
Major Religion Estimated Percent *
Buddhism
0.01 %
Christianity
99.99 %
Ethnic Religions
0.00 %
Hinduism
0.00 %
Islam
0.00 %
Non-Religious
0.00 %
Other / Small
0.00 %
Unknown
0.00 %
* From latest India census data.
Current Christian values may substantially differ.
Primary Language Tamil (117,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Written / Published Yes   ScriptSource Listing
Total Languages 3
Secondary Languages
Malayalam
500
Telugu
100
Primary Language Tamil (117,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Total Languages 3
Secondary Languages
  Malayalam 500
  Telugu 100
People Groups Speaking Tamil

Primary Language:  Tamil

Bible Translation Status  (Years)
Bible-Portions Yes  (1714-1956)
Bible-New Testament Yes  (1715-1998)
Bible-Complete Yes  (1727-2024)
FCBH NT (www.bible.is) Online
YouVersion NT (www.bible.com) Online
Possible Print Bibles
Amazon
World Bibles
Forum Bible Agencies
National Bible Societies
World Bible Finder
Virtual Storehouse
Resource Type Resource Name Source
Audio Recordings Audio Bible teaching Global Recordings Network
Audio Recordings General Ministry Resources General / Other
Audio Recordings Love letter to you from scripture Father's Love Letter
Audio Recordings Online Audio Scripture Talking Bibles
Audio Recordings Recorded oral Bible Oral Bibles
Film / Video Following Jesus video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video God's Story video God's Story
Film / Video Indigitube.tv Video / Animation Create International
Film / Video Jesus Film: view in Tamil Jesus Film Project
Film / Video LUMO film of Gospels Bible Media Group/LUMO
Film / Video Magdalena video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video My Last Day video, anime Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Rivka video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Story of Jesus for Children Jesus Film Project
Film / Video World Christian Videos World Christian Videos
General Bible for Children Bible for Children
General Bible in text or audio or video Internet Publishing Sevice
General Bible in text or audio or video South Asia Bibles
General Biblical answers to your questions Got Questions Ministry
General Comprehensive list of Tamil Resources General / Other
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Gospel website in this language General / Other
General Scripture Earth Gospel resources links Scripture Earth
General Voice of the Martyrs resources Voice of the Martyrs
General YouVersion Bible versions in text and/or audio YouVersion Bibles
General Zume Resources Zume Project
General Zume Training Zume Project
Mobile App Android Bible app: Pastors Study Bible Tamil Grace Ministries and Dusty Sandals
Mobile App Android Bible app: Tamil YouVersion Bibles
Mobile App Android Bible App: Tamil Bible (தமிழ் பைபிள்) Indian Revised Version (IRV) Operation Agape
Mobile App Android Bible app: Tamil Study Bible Grace Ministries and Dusty Sandals
Mobile App Android Bible Radio app: Tamil Bible Radio Shalom Design S2dio
Mobile App Download audio Bible app as APK file Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App Download audio Bible app as APK file Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App Download audio Bible app from Google Play Store Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App iOS Bible app: Tamil YouVersion Bibles
Mobile App iOS Bible Radio App: Tamil Bible Radio iOS Revive India
Text / Printed Matter Children and youth resources One Hope
Text / Printed Matter Literacy primer for Tamil Literacy & Evangelism International
Text / Printed Matter tools for gospel conversations Cru
Text / Printed Matter Topical Scripture booklets and Bible studies World Missionary Press
Map Source People Group data: Omid. Map geography: UNESCO / GMI. Map Design: Joshua Project  
Profile Source Joshua Project 
Data Sources Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more.